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Layers of chicken varieties - breeding knowledge
1, the biological characteristics of chicken, chicken in zoology belong to aves, has the biological characteristics of birds. In the last one hundred years, because of people's constantly cultivate and improve the environment condition, especially in recent decades, with the development of modern genetic breeding, nutrition chemical, electronic physics and the development of science and technology, make the production capability is greatly improve. After transforming the biological characteristics of chicken chicken is the economic biological characteristics.(1) metabolism exuberant: adult chicken temperature is 41.5 ℃, every minute pulse can reach 200-350 times, so chicken basal metabolism is higher than other animals, growth rapidly, mature early, short production cycle.
(2) fertility strong: chicken is a penis animals, breed must undergo egg hatching. The hen's ovarian under the microscope visible to 12000 follicle. High yield with egg layers has more than 300 pieces, with an annual production capacity of 280 pieces of eggs are realized; The rooster reproductive ability is also very strong, rooster semen quantity is less, but concentration, the number of sperm is much and survival time long, a rooster with 10-15 hen can obtain higher fertilization rate, chicken sperm can survive in the hen tubal 5-10 days, individual can survive more than 30 days.
(3) to feed nutrition requirement high: a high yield a hen in the produce of egg weight up to 15 to 17 kilograms, for its weight 10 times, because chickens, oral without mastication and large intestine is shorter, in addition to a few other than the cecum can digest cellulose, other parts of the digestive tract cannot digest cellulose, so, the chicken must feed contains rich nutrient substance feed.
(4) to the environment changes sensitive: chicken vision is very sensitive, all come into view abnormal factors such as illumination, abnormal color all can cause "surprised group"; Chicken hearing as mammals, but the sudden noise can cause chicken group alarmed; In addition the chicken body moisture evaporation and the regulation of heat energy mainly by respiration to achieve, so to environmental change is sensitive, so the poultry industry should pay attention to try to control the environment change, reduce the chicken group of stress.
(5) the disease-resistant ability poor: because chickens, anatomic characteristics, decided the chicken coefficiency of difference. Especially chicken lights and a lot of belly balloon is linked together, these balloon filled in chicken body parts, and even into the bone cavity, so chicken infectious diseases from the spread of the respiratory tract, and transmission speed, the serious, and a high mortality rate. Deathless also seriously affect lay eggs.
(6) suitable for scale breeding: because chicken social sex strong, in the high density of the cage culture conditions can still show a high production performance. Another chicken feces, urine is thick, drink less and not disorderly jilt, this gives mechanization breeding management have created favorable conditions. Especially chicken volume small, each chicken accounted for the bottom of the cage has an area of only 400 square centimeters, namely every square metre cage bottom area can carry up to 25 chicken. So in livestock and poultry breeding, factory breeding is the highest degree of chicken feed.
2, different varieties chicken classification: the world known chicken varieties have more than 2000, and every variety and have several varieties. Different varieties reflect different type of constitution, external form, internal structure, production performance and economic purposes. In order to facilitate research and practical, people often will chicken varieties to division, usually classification methods are:
Standard classification: before the s, according to the international recognized standard varieties classification will chicken is divided into class (according to the origin of area), type (according to use), varieties (according to the breeding characteristics) and product variety.
Modern classification: in order to adapt to the modern QinYe raise the production exhibition, according to the classification of economic performance, and can be divided into egg in system and meat system (namely layers system and chicken system).
(1) layers system: to produce goods for the production of eggs. According to the eggshell color is different is divided into white shell layers system and brown shell layers system. Its characteristic is: generally smaller in size, body human body is longer, the hindquarters developed, thin skin bone fine, muscular, feather close, disposition lively and active. General annual output of eggs can reach 270-300 pieces.
(2) chicken system: mainly through the meat type chicken breeding hybrid form a complete set into broiler chicken. For shape characteristics, body hindquarters wide and deep and short, chest muscle developed, the image of a square tubular; Crown is small, short and thick neck, is apart from the short bones coarse; Muscular and disposition gentle, bradykinesia, grows quickly and easily fattening, general feeding 6-7 ZhouLing weight can reach more than 2 kg.
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